Module Thread

module Thread: sig .. end

Lightweight threads for Posix 1003.1c and Win32.

type t

The type of thread handles.

Thread creation and termination

val create : ('a -> 'b) -> 'a -> t

Thread.create funct arg creates a new thread of control, in which the function application funct arg is executed concurrently with the other threads of the program. The application of Thread.create returns the handle of the newly created thread. The new thread terminates when the application funct arg returns, either normally or by raising the Thread.Exit exception or by raising any other uncaught exception. In the last case, the uncaught exception is printed on standard error, but not propagated back to the parent thread. Similarly, the result of the application funct arg is discarded and not directly accessible to the parent thread.

val self : unit -> t

Return the handle for the thread currently executing.

val id : t -> int

Return the identifier of the given thread. A thread identifier is an integer that identifies uniquely the thread. It can be used to build data structures indexed by threads.

exception Exit

Exception raised by user code to initiate termination of the current thread. In a thread created by Thread.create funct arg, if the Thread.Exit exception reaches the top of the application funct arg, it has the effect of terminating the current thread silently. In other contexts, there is no implicit handling of the Thread.Exit exception.

val exit : unit -> unit

Deprecated. Use 'raise Thread.Exit' instead.

Raise the Thread.Exit exception. In a thread created by Thread.create, this will cause the thread to terminate prematurely, unless the thread function handles the exception itself. Fun.protect finalizers and catch-all exception handlers will be executed.

To make it clear that an exception is raised and will trigger finalizers and catch-all exception handlers, it is recommended to write raise Thread.Exit instead of Thread.exit ().

Before 5.0 A different implementation was used, not based on raising an exception, and not running finalizers and catch-all handlers. The previous implementation had a different behavior when called outside of a thread created by Thread.create.

Suspending threads

val delay : float -> unit

delay d suspends the execution of the calling thread for d seconds. The other program threads continue to run during this time.

val join : t -> unit

join th suspends the execution of the calling thread until the thread th has terminated.

val yield : unit -> unit

Re-schedule the calling thread without suspending it. This function can be used to give scheduling hints, telling the scheduler that now is a good time to switch to other threads.

Waiting for file descriptors or processes

The functions below are leftovers from an earlier, VM-based threading system. The Unix module provides equivalent functionality, in a more general and more standard-conformant manner. It is recommended to use Unix functions directly.

val wait_timed_read : Unix.file_descr -> float -> bool

Deprecated. Use Unix.select instead.

See Thread.wait_timed_write.

val wait_timed_write : Unix.file_descr -> float -> bool

Deprecated. Use Unix.select instead.

Suspend the execution of the calling thread until at least one character or EOF is available for reading (wait_timed_read) or one character can be written without blocking (wait_timed_write) on the given Unix file descriptor. Wait for at most the amount of time given as second argument (in seconds). Return true if the file descriptor is ready for input/output and false if the timeout expired. The same functionality can be achieved with Unix.select.

val select : Unix.file_descr list ->
       Unix.file_descr list ->
       Unix.file_descr list ->
       float -> Unix.file_descr list * Unix.file_descr list * Unix.file_descr list

Deprecated. Use Unix.select instead.

Same function as Unix.select. Suspend the execution of the calling thread until input/output becomes possible on the given Unix file descriptors. The arguments and results have the same meaning as for Unix.select.

val wait_pid : int -> int * Unix.process_status

Deprecated. Use Unix.waitpid instead.

Same function as Unix.waitpid. wait_pid p suspends the execution of the calling thread until the process specified by the process identifier p terminates. Returns the pid of the child caught and its termination status, as per Unix.wait.

Management of signals

Signal handling follows the POSIX thread model: signals generated by a thread are delivered to that thread; signals generated externally are delivered to one of the threads that does not block it. Each thread possesses a set of blocked signals, which can be modified using Thread.sigmask. This set is inherited at thread creation time. Per-thread signal masks are supported only by the system thread library under Unix, but not under Win32, nor by the VM thread library.

val sigmask : Unix.sigprocmask_command -> int list -> int list

sigmask cmd sigs changes the set of blocked signals for the calling thread. If cmd is SIG_SETMASK, blocked signals are set to those in the list sigs. If cmd is SIG_BLOCK, the signals in sigs are added to the set of blocked signals. If cmd is SIG_UNBLOCK, the signals in sigs are removed from the set of blocked signals. sigmask returns the set of previously blocked signals for the thread.

val wait_signal : int list -> int

wait_signal sigs suspends the execution of the calling thread until the process receives one of the signals specified in the list sigs. It then returns the number of the signal received. Signal handlers attached to the signals in sigs will not be invoked. The signals sigs are expected to be blocked before calling wait_signal.

Uncaught exceptions

val default_uncaught_exception_handler : exn -> unit

Thread.default_uncaught_exception_handler will print the thread's id, exception and backtrace (if available).

val set_uncaught_exception_handler : (exn -> unit) -> unit

Thread.set_uncaught_exception_handler fn registers fn as the handler for uncaught exceptions.

If the newly set uncaught exception handler raise an exception, Thread.default_uncaught_exception_handler will be called.